{"id":4039,"date":"2024-10-15T09:19:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T07:19:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/?p=4039"},"modified":"2024-10-15T10:54:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T08:54:47","slug":"imputace-chybejicich-dat-pomoci-bayesovskeho-modelovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/imputace-chybejicich-dat-pomoci-bayesovskeho-modelovani\/","title":{"rendered":"Imputace chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch dat pomoc\u00ed Bayesovsk\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Roman Pavelka, \u0160tatistick\u00fd \u00farad Slovenskej republiky, Slovensk\u00e1 republika<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Typ \u010dl\u00e1nku: vedeck\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok<br \/>\nStrany: 21 &#8211; 41<\/p>\n<h5>Abstrakt<\/h5>\n<p>Pro\u010d jsou chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fadaje probl\u00e9m? Proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 metody a software p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echny hodnoty u v\u0161ech prom\u011bnn\u00fdch v matici dat jsou pozorov\u00e1ny za v\u0161echny jednotky \u00fa\u010dastn\u00e9 ve statistick\u00e9m zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdchoz\u00ed metodou \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed neodpov\u011bd\u00ed prakticky u v\u0161ech statistick\u00fdch softwar\u016f je prost\u00e9 vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00fadaji ukazatel\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1jmu. Nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed seznamu (jednotek) je to, \u017ee se \u010dasto vyma\u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st vzorku sesb\u00edran\u00fdch statistick\u00fdch dat. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed sesb\u00edran\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e9 nejsou vhodn\u00e9 k dal\u0161\u00edmu statistick\u00e9mu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b statistick\u00e9 s\u00edly anal\u00fdz. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pochopiteln\u011b neradi vy\u0159azuj\u00ed \u00fadaje, jejich\u017e sb\u011bru v\u011bnovali mnoho \u010dasu, pen\u011bz a \u00fasil\u00ed, a proto se staly popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi r\u016fzn\u00e9 metod \u201ez\u00e1chrany\u201c p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00fadaji. Modern\u00ed metodou pro dopln\u011bn\u00ed ne\u00fapln\u00fdch dat se v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edch st\u00e1v\u00e1 bayesovsk\u00e1 inference. Bayesovsk\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost a statistika je mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd Bayes\u016fv vzorec a jeho ob\u010dasn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed v uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdch \u010di ilustrativn\u011b orientovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech p\u0159i v\u00fdkladu operac\u00ed s pravd\u011bpodobnostmi n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch jev\u016f. Bayes\u016fv pravd\u011bpodobnostn\u00ed vzorec (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kon o inverzn\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti) se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v souvislosti s \u00fasudky o nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m modelu na z\u00e1klad\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch dat. Toto d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enosti pro pou\u017eit\u00ed Bayesova vzorce p\u0159i imputov\u00e1n\u00ed nepozorovan\u00fdch dat (nezn\u00e1m\u00fd model) na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 2.1em; padding-left: 0px; color: #1e4e9d;\">\u010cl\u00e1nok na stiahnutie<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"download-pdf\" onclick=\"window.open('https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/?dl_id=411','new','');return false\"  href=\"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/?dl_id=411\"><i class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i> PDF<\/a><span class='download-text'> (2,6 MB, 300 stiahnut\u00ed)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Roman Pavelka, \u0160tatistick\u00fd \u00farad Slovenskej republiky, Slovensk\u00e1 republika<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1859],"tags":[211,1873,1875,1874,1807],"class_list":["post-4039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4-2024-vedecke-clanky","tag-autor-roman-pavelka","tag-bayesovska-inference","tag-imputace-dat","tag-inverzni-pravdepodobnost","tag-mechanismus-chybeni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4039"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4047,"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4039\/revisions\/4047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssad.statistics.sk\/SSaD\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}